Prevalence Of Anaemia In Pregnancy Research Articles

Factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women in Rwanda: an analysis of the Rwanda demographic and health survey of 2020

BackgroundAnaemia in pregnancy is associated with several adverse outcomes for mothers and newborns, as well as their families. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of anaemia and the associated factors among pregnant women in Rwanda.MethodsSecondary data from the 2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) was used. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select 435 pregnant women included in the study. Anaemia among pregnant women was defined as a haemoglobin value < 11 g/dL. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associated factors with anaemia in pregnancy, using SPSS (version 26).ResultsOf the 435 pregnant women, 24.6% (95%CI: 21.1–29.3) were anaemic (1 in 4 pregnant women). Not working (AOR = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.14–5.26), being unmarried (AOR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.24–3.57), low wealth index (AOR = 9.19; 95%CI: 1.64–51.56), having difficulty accessing a nearby health facility (AOR = 5.40; 95%CI: 2.21–13.23), and normal body mass index (AOR = 3.33; 95%CI: 1.46–7.59) were associated with higher odds of being anaemic. However, not taking iron supplements (AOR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04–0.67), having no exposure to television (AOR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.14–0.91), being from the southern region (AOR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.66), and low husband/partner’s education (AOR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.59) were associated with lower odds of being anaemic.ConclusionsThe study findings indicate a high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy, which was associated with several socio-demographics. There is a need for setting up mobile clinics and health facilities in hard-to-reach areas for easy accessibility to early anaemia screening services. Conducting mass screening for anaemia targeting pregnant women who are not working, the unmarried, and those with a low wealth index would also be beneficial. The intake of locally available iron rich foods and/ or bio-fortified foods is also recommended.

EDUKASI GIZI DAN MINUMAN KACANG HIJAU SEBAGAI PREVENTIF ANEMIA DALAM KEHAMILAN

In developing countries, the most common pregnancy complication in pregnant women is anemia. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia is still quite high, including in the East Java region. The problem of pregnant women at the Polindes Kaliwining in the Puskesmas Rambipuji Jember is that anemia status is not detected in each trimester of pregnancy. Mung beans contain iron which helps the formation of erythrocytes to increase hemoglobin levels. This community service aims to provide nutritional education and the use of mung beans in preventing anemia in pregnancy. The implementation of this service uses an outreach method using a video media approach. Apart from that, blood hemoglobin levels are also checked in pregnant women as an early detection of anemia. Iron supplementation is given in the form of blood supplement tablets to pregnant women. Furthermore, giving mung beans drinks as a complement to iron supplementation to prevent anemia in pregnancy. The educational approach via video has proven effective in increasing pregnant women's knowledge by 25% regarding anemia and the benefits of mung beans. Based on the results of examinations during this service activity, blood hemoglobin levels showed that 2 respondents experienced anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Regular Hb checks are very important during pregnancy. The combination of consuming blood supplement tablets and mung beans can reduce the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

A Study of Frequency of Anemia in Pregnant Females in Tertiary Care Hospital, Islamabad

Background: Anemia is among the most public hematological disorders, especially in pregnancy. It is a nutritional deficiency disorder that affects pregnant women, mainly in underdeveloped countries. Pregnant women who suffer from anemia often have bad pregnancy outcomes and may lead to difficulties that endanger both the mother's and the fetus's health. This study aimed was to determine the frequency of anemia among pregnant women in tertiary care hospitals in Islamabad. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional investigation was carried out in the Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital's pathology and gynecology department in Islamabad. All the pregnant women who visited for antenatal check-ups from January 2021 to December 2021 were involved in the study. Data was taken through a specially designed proforma and statistical analysis was accomplished using SPSS version 21. Results: A total number of 93 pregnant females were enrolled in the study. The average age of pregnant women was 30.6 ± 6.0 (20-43). The average hemoglobin in our study population was 11.1± 1.4 (8-13 g/dL). The mean range of WBC counts was 11,304/mm3 ±7722 (4100/mm3 - 81000/mm3), the mean value of RBC count was 4.1 mil/mm3 ± 0.6 (2-5 mil/mm3). The overall prevalence of anemia in pregnant females was 45% (n=42). Out of 42 pregnant anemic women, 25 (59%) had normocytic normochromic type of anemia, 15 (36%) had microcytic type of anemia, and 2 (5%) had macrocytic type of anemia. Mild anemia was recorded in 26 (30%) of the pregnant females, while moderate anemia was recorded in 16 (17%) of the pregnant females, and 51 (55%) of the pregnant females had no anemia. Conclusion: Anemia was found in the majority of pregnant females visiting tertiary care teaching hospitals. The frequency of mild anemia was high and also according to severity. The most common morphological type of anemia was normocytic normochromic. The overall prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was 45% (n=42).55% of pregnant women were non-anemic and new severe anemia was detected.

Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women and Its Associated Socioeconomic Factors

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is an important public health problem, in developing countries. This community based study was conducted in Northeast India to study the prevalence of anemia along with the associated socioeconomic factors.&#x0D; Methods: The present one-year cross sectional study was carried out in the selected villages under Lahowal Block of Dibrugarh District and the relevant data was collected in a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma by house to house interviews. The sample size was calculated 310. Clinical examination was done and haemoglobin estimation was performed using Sahli’s acid hematin method. Data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel using percentage, range, t-test and ANOVA; wherever applicable. A significance level of 5% was taken with 95% confidence interval&#x0D; Results: Anemia was seen in 89.68% of the subjects. The highest mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was observed in the 1st trimester subjects (9.14 gm/dl), while the lowest mean Hb-level was observed in the 3rd trimester subjects (8.90 gm/dl). A significant difference was observed between the mean Hb-levels of the study subjects belonging to nuclear families and joint families, subjects belonging to different socio-economic status, different levels of education, different professions, those consuming tobacco and those not consuming tobacco, and those consuming betel nut and not consuming betel nut.&#x0D; Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy which was related to the socioeconomic status, occupational status, level of education, type of family, and personal habits in these women.

IJCM_91A: A Descriptive study on Anemia among Antenatal Women in a District Hospital

Background: In more than 80% of countries in the world, the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is &gt;20%, and is a major public health problem. More than 56 million women are estimated to be affected globally, approximately 32 million of them being from Asia. Severe anemia may have adverse effects on the mother and the foetus. Anemia with haemoglobin levels less than 6 g/dl is associated with poor pregnancy outcome such as prematurity, spontaneous abortions, low birth weight, and foetal deaths. Various health programs aiming anemia prevention are existing in India for many decades. Despite that, anemia affects more than half of pregnant women. Thus, this study aimed to estimate prevalence of Anemia and to study knowledge, attitude and practices of antenatal women about anemia prevention. Objective: a) To study factors associated with anemia in antenatal women attending district hospital. b) To study knowledge, attitude and practices of antenatal women about anemia prevention Methodology: A Hospital based cross-sectional study conducted among randomly selected 360 antenatal woman attending Antenatal clinic of a District Hospital from October 2023 to December 2023. Sample size was calculated using openepi. Prevalence of Anemia among antenatal women from previous study in India is 53%. Data was collected by using a predesigned semi structured interview schedule and Hb estimation was done by Sahli’s hemoglobinometer. Results: The Prevalence of Anemia obtained in this study was 52.76%. The prevalence of anemia in this study was more in multigravida pregnancy (p&lt;0.001). Most of the ANC women have knowledge about consumption of Iron folic acid tablets. Conclusion: The Prevalence of Anemia among antenatal women obtained in this study was 52.76%. The prevalence of anemia more in multigravida. Anemia was also found to be significantly associated with risk in pregnancy. Most of the ANC women have knowledge about consumption of Iron folic acid tablets. Most of the participants got Hb estimation in first trimester.

Factors Affecting The Incidence of Anemia in Pregnancy During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Anemia during pregnancy carries the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and fetus malformations and can impose additional costs on society and families. The prevalence of anemia would be the best indicator to monitor pregnant women’s health and prevent pregnancy complications. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted pregnant women. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy increased from 38.33% in 2019 to 49.21% in 2020.  In the COVID-19 pandemic situation with social activity restrictions, decreasing family income, and limited access to health services, suffering from COVID-19 are risk factors for increasing the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. This study aimed to determine factors affecting the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Karangrejo District, Magetan Regency. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample was selected by purposive sampling with a sample size of 52 study subjects. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis with SPSS. Factors that increased the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic were pregnancy interval (OR=17.67; CI 95%= 1.01 to 116.00; p=0.049),  gestational age (OR=11.39; CI 95% 1.12-116.00; p= 0,040), animal protein intake  (OR= 0.25; CI 95% 0.03 – 2.38; p= 0,044), iron supplementation (OR= 108.47; CI 95% 2.36 – 4978.68; p= 0,016), consumption of tea (OR=36,89; CI95% 1.57 to 868.41; p=0.025). Mothers’ education,  family income, parity, frequency of ANC visits, and COVID-19 morbidity do not significantly affect the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. There were effects of pregnancy interval, gestational age, animal protein intake, iron supplementation, and consumption of tea on the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 in Karangrejo District, Magetan Regency.  Keywords: anemia;pregnancy;COVID-19

Management of anaemia in pregnancy using ‘test and treat’ strategy: hospital based open randomized study

In India, prevalence of nutritional anaemia due to iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency is high. National anaemia control programme envisaged detection and treatment of anaemic pregnant women. Prevalence of anaemia continues to be high because this strategy was not operationalised and coverage and compliance with iron folic acid supplementation remains low. : The present study aimed at: 1. Operationalizing Hb estimation in urban maternity center, 2. assessing prevalence of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency, 3. undertaking an open randomized study in women with Hb between 8.0 and 10.9 g/dL to assess impact of supplementation with iron and folic acid (Group 1) or iron, folic acid and vitamin B 12 (Group 2). The ‘Test and treat’ strategy was operationalized in urban maternity center. At enrolment 100% of women were anaemic, 60% had ferritin &amp;#60;12ng/ml, 5% had folic acid &amp;#60;3ng/ml and 1/3 had vitamin B12 &amp;#60;200pg/ml. After eight weeks of supplementation, there was an increase in mean Hb (&amp;#62;1.0 g/dL), mean ferritin and folic acid in both Gr 1 and 2. There was a fall in mean vitamin B12 at 8 weeks in Gr 1 women who received 5 mg folic acid. Addition of vitamin B12 to IFA does not improve mean Hb or vitamin B12.With assured regular supply and supportive supervision, iron folic acid supplementation for 8 weeks reduces prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy by 50%; with continued supplementation till 38 weeks of pregnancy, there was 70% reduction in prevalence of anaemia.

Anemia in pregnancy: A case control study from India

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in pregnancy hemoglobin (Hb) less than 11gm/dL refers to be anemia. Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency affecting the pregnant women. In India prevalence of anemia in pregnant woman is about 65% to 75%. Anemia during pregnancy causes negative and harmful effects on mother as well as on child. Anemia increases the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality. India had the highest prevalence of anemia in pregnancy. The Highest number of anemic pregnant women in the world are in India. So the present study was planned with aim to study the anemia in pregnant women. The present case-control study was carried out in Department of Physiology at Rural Medical College Loni in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. The study was approved by Institutional Ethical Committee. Total 644 subjects were recruited for the study. 161 non-pregnant women were taken as control and 483 pregnant women were taken as the cases. Hemoglobin measurements of the pregnant woman was done by Sahali’s method. Hb concentration of &amp;#60;11 gm/dL taken as anemia. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant and non-pregnant women were 62.93% and 82.60% respectively. Pregnant as well as non-pregnant women in India are at high risk of developing anemia. The various national programmes aimed at prevention of anemia reduced the prevalence as well as severity of anemia during pregnancy.

ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY: THE IMPACT ON MATERNAL AND FETAL HEALTH, INNOVATION, AND MANAGEMENT IN KEDUNGJATI PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Anaemia is a common condition affecting a significant proportion of pregnant women worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Anaemia is associated with adverse outcomes for both the mother and the developing fetus, including increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal mortality. Primary health care settings play a crucial role in the identification, management, and prevention of Anaemia in pregnant women. This review aims to provide an overview of the prevalence and impact of Anaemia on maternal and fetal health, as well as the current approaches to its management in primary health care settings. We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases for relevant studies published between 2010 and 2021, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines. The results indicate that the prevalence of Anaemia in pregnancy varies widely depending on the population and the diagnostic criteria used, with rates ranging from 20% to 80%. Anaemia is associated with a range of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal mortality. The management of Anaemia in primary health care settings involves a multifaceted approach, including iron and folic acid supplementation, dietary and lifestyle modifications, and close monitoring of maternal and fetal health. While the evidence base for the management of Anaemia in primary health care is relatively strong, there is a need for further research on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions, as well as strategies to improve the identification and management of Anaemia in pregnant women.

What factors are associated with anaemia in pregnancy among Nigerian women? Evidence from a national survey.

Anaemia in pregnancy remains a severe public health problem in sub-Saharan African countries including Nigeria. To assess factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy among Nigerian women. A secondary analysis of the 2018 Nigeria demographic health survey was conducted to determine the predictors of anaemia among Nigerian pregnant women (N=1522). SAS 9.4 was used for the analysis. The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy was 61.1%. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, women in the North-central (AOR=2.52, CI=1.46-4.35) and South-south (AOR=2.21, CI=1.06-4.59) had increased odds of anaemia in pregnancy, compared to those in the Northwest. Women with no education (AOR=2.38, CI=1.28-4.44), primary education (AOR=3.06, CI=1.58-5.96) and secondary education (AOR=1.75, CI=1.04-2.94) had increased odds of anaemia in pregnancy compared to women with teriary education. Also, women not in marital union had increased odds of anaemia in pregnancy compared to women in a union (AOR=2.56, CI=1.15-5.72). Women in the second (AOR=2.42, CI=1.79-3.29) and third trimesters of pregnancy (AOR=2.83, CI=2.07-3.89) had increased odds of anaemia. These findings are important for the control of anemia among pregnant Nigerian women. Women in the Northcentral and Southsouth zones are particularly at risk for anaemia in pregnancy and should receive special attention during antenatal care.

Compliance with oral iron supplementation among pregnant women in the Tain district, Ghana

Background/Aims Iron deficiency anaemia is considered a major global public health challenge, especially in developing countries, with pregnant women being most affected. In Ghana, the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy is relatively high, particularly in the Tain district. This has been attributed to problems with compliance to oral iron and folic acid supplementation. The aim of this study was to assess personal factors associated with compliance with oral iron supplementation in rural areas of the Tain district. Methods A cross-sectional design was used for this study, which collected quantitative data from 480 pregnant women. Ten health facilities were selected, with proportional allocation of the sample to each facility. Simple random sampling was used to select pregnant women in the clinical setting. A structured questionnaire was used to collect participants' data and descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results Only a third (34%) of respondents complied with oral iron supplementation. Cohabiting with a partner (P=0.003), having no formal or only primary level education (P=0.009), having a partner with middle school or junior high school level education (P=0.014) and being in the first trimester (P&lt;0.001) were significantly associated with compliance. Conclusions Compliance with oral iron supplementation was low. Health education on iron supplementation should be strengthened by targeting pregnant women at risk of non-compliance. This education should be carried out by midwives during routine antenatal visits.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: An Overview

The most common and also the most overlooked dietary deficiency in the world is iron deficiency anaemia. It is not only a problem in developing countries or in countries with few resources, but it is also a problem in industrialised ones. The main goal of this article is to raise awareness about the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy, the aetiology of anaemia in pregnancy (not just during pregnancy but throughout adolescence) and the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy by extending the vision to the adolescent age group in order to reduce the risk of nutritional deficiency anaemia during pregnancy. Because of their increased iron requirements for rapid growth and menstrual blood loss, adolescent girls are particularly sensitive to this illness. Poor nutrition is the most common cause of anaemia, which is caused not only by socioeconomic reasons but also by cultural and other conditioning factors such as viral infections, which promote malnutrition in teenagers. Malaria, intestinal parasites, diarrhoea, and tuberculosis are among diseases that cause malnutrition. Anemia’s severity and length are crucial during pregnancy since it increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, maternal mortality, and other complications. Anemia is a worldwide health issue that affects about one-third of the world’s population and is one of the primary causes of disability. Anemia in pregnancy is associated with a high rate of morbidity and death due to a woman’s inability to respond to postpartum blood loss, which can have life-threatening effects. Iron deficiency anaemia has a direct link to hunger; according to the WHO, iron deficiency anaemia occurs in 50-80% of areas with chronic malnutrition. However, iron insufficiency is becoming more widespread in wealthy countries, with an increase of 20%. Iron insufficiency is quite common in women of reproductive age, with roughly 30% of them suffering from it.

Oral versus intravenous iron therapy for correction of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy

Background: The high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy has serious adverse consequences in both mother and baby. Management of anaemia in pregnancy should be given great importance in obstetric practice.The study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of oral iron (ferrous sulphate) and intravenous iron sucrose complex in the management of moderate anaemia in pregnancy. Method: A randomized comparative hospital–based longitudinal analysis was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care hospital, involving 70 women with haemoglobin between 7- 9.9 g/dl and serum ferritin &lt; 50 mcg/l, attending antenatal clinic. Intravenous iron sucrose complex was given in one group and tablet ferrous sulfate (100 mg elemental iron) to the oral group. Treatment efficacy was assessed by measurement of haemoglobin and reticulocytes on days 8, 15, 21 and 30 and ferritin on day 30. Result: An increase in haemoglobin was observed in both groups, rising from 8.26 ±0.764g/dl to 11.08± 0.71g/dl in the intravenous group and from 8.14±0.767 g/dl to 10.98 ±0.61 g/dl on day 30 in the oral group. S.ferritin on day 30 was significantly higher in the intravenous group. The side effects in both groups were negligible though there were there were 3 dropouts due to adverse effects. Conclusion : Both oral ferrous sulphate and intravenous iron sucrose complex are safe, convenient and effective in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women with negligible side effects, but intravenous iron sucrose complex is better in improving serum iron and in restoring maternal iron stores

The Effect of The Combination Juice of Guava and Red Spinach on The Hemoglobin Level of Pregnant Women on Third Trimester in Health Center of Melak

Introduction: Indonesia is a developing country that has a very high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy. The results of the Riskesdas data show that pregnant women experiencing anemia in Indonesia increased from 37.1% to 48.9%. Anemic pregnant women have difficulty, and bleeding during childbirth. Meanwhile, babies are at risk of being born LBW. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving a combination of red guava juice and red spinach on the Hb levels of pregnant women in the third trimester in the working area of the Melak Health Center. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach, quasi experiment with Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Resultand Discussion: The results showed that there were differences in the Hb levels of respondents between the intervention and control groups after being given the research intervention (p-value = 0,000).  There was a difference in Hb levels of pregnant women in the third trimester in the intervention group between before and after being given the research intervention. Conclusion: It is expected that pregnant women can increase the intake of vegetables that are high in iron and vitamin C such as guava and red spinach, as an effort to prevent and overcome anemia in pregnancy

Prevalence and risk factors for anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Benue State University Teaching Hospital, North-central Nigeria.

In developing countries such as Nigeria, anaemia in pregnancy is thought to be one of the most common complications of pregnancy accounting for a significant level of maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy among women attending the booking Antenatal Clinic (ANC) in Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), North-Central, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from May 2019 to January, 2020 on 299 women. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic, clinical, and nutritional information from pregnant women attending the clinic who consented to participate in the study. Haematocrit levels were stratified according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) classification as follows: <7mg/dL - severe, 7-8.99mg/dL - moderate, 9-10.99mg/dL - mild anaemia and ≧ 11mg/dL - non-anaemic. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0. Chi-square test was conducted to determine relationships. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for anaemia among pregnant women. P-value <0.05 and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to assess the association. The mean age of respondents was 29.9, ranging from 18 - 40 years. One hundred and twenty-three (41.1%) women were anaemic (haemoglobin [Hb] < 11.0 g/dL). The majority (95.1%) of these anaemic patients were mildly anaemic, whereas 4.9% were moderately anaemic. There was no case of severe anaemia (Hb < 7.0 g/dL). The prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher in those within the age group of 20-24 years and those with lower levels of education (P < 0.05). The patient's gestational age, number of miscarriages and birth interval had no significant relationship with the haemoglobin concentration among the pregnant women in this study (P > 0.05). However, parity, clinical features such as fever, and practices like use of haematinics and non-consumption of meat, poultry and fish were significantly related to anaemia (P < 0.05). The pregnant women who did not take haematinics were 5.8 times likely to develop anaemia (OR=5.8, 95%CI [2.3, 14.5]) while pregnant women who did not eat meat, poultry or fish were 9 times more likely to become anaemic than pregnant women who ate (OR=9.0, 95%CI [1.0, 79.5]). The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy is high among women attending booking antenatal clinic at BSUTH, North-Central, Nigeria, and requires specific intervention that address the identified risk factors.

Prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and associated factors in northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and foetal outcomes. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of recent literature on the predictors of anaemia during pregnancy in the context of northern Uganda, a region emerging out of decades of war. A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women in northern Uganda. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 320 pregnant women seeking care at Lira Regional Referral Hospital were consecutively enrolled. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data collected included: demographic, obstetric, nutritional and dietary characteristics of study participants. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and logistic regression with 95% confidence and a p-value of < 0.05 as significant using STATA version 14. Results: The mean age of the women was 25.3 ± 5.6 years while their mean gestational age was 25.4 ± 7.8 weeks. The overall prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dl in the first and third trimesters and less than 10.5 g/dl in the second trimester) was 24.7%. Iron deficiency was prevalent in half of the women (50%) with anaemia. Factors independently associated with anaemia included taking antimalarial prophylaxis (AOR 0.44; 95% CI 0.19, 0.99) and consumption of legumes and cereals more than twice in the previous week (AOR 0.46; 95% CI 0.24, 0.89). Conclusion: One-quarter of pregnant women in this study population based in northern Uganda were anaemic. There is a need to strengthen interventions to control anaemia during pregnancy, particularly the intake of antimalarial prophylaxis and consumption of iron-rich locally available foods.

Epidemiology of Anemia in Pregnant Women in the Coastal Region of the North Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

Anemia in pregnant women is one of the most common pregnancy problems and affects the health of mothers and babies. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of anemia in pregnant women in the coastal area of the North Buton Regency. This research is a quantitative research using secondary data. Data of anemia in pregnant women from 2016 to 2020 was obtained from the North Buton District Health Office. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in North Buton Regency was very high. Most pregnant women suffer from mild anemia with an Hb value of 8-11 mg/dL. Kulisusu District had the highest number of pregnant women with anemia. The high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy requires urgent intervention to prevent complications to mother and baby.&#x0D; Keywords: Anemia, pregnant women, coastal areas

Effect of personalized home-based support for pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes: a cluster randomized trial.

BackgroundAnemia during pregnancy has been linked to higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of individualized home-based care for pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThis was a cluster-randomized experiment done in Burkina Faso’s Sindou health area between 2015 and 2016. The intervention included a monthly home-based visit focused on nutritional counseling and pregnancy monitoring for pregnant women, and a training on nutrition for pregnant women, prevention of anemia in pregnancy, and management of anemia in pregnancy for health facility teams. In the control group, prenatal care was administered in accordance with national program guidelines. The primary outcome was the reported prevalence of anemia in pregnancy. The secondary outcomes of stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, and abortion were evaluated using a difference in differences analysis and mixed models across the two groups. The sample consisted of 617 pregnant women, with 440 women assigned to the intervention group and 177 assigned to the control group. No maternal fatalities occurred in either group. The intervention decreased stillbirths by -1.6% (95% confidence interval: -3.1% to - 0.1%). It had no impact on the rates of low birth weight, premature birth, and abortion.ConclusionIn rural Burkina Faso, personalized support of pregnant women at home, in conjunction with appropriate prenatal care, reduced stillbirths, but not the rates of low birth weight, preterm birth, or abortion.

Knowledge and parity prevention of anemia in pregnancy

Introduction: The largest public health issue in the globe, particularly for women who are close to childbearing age, is anemia. Anemia during pregnancy is said to be “dangerous to mother and child”. In 2015, Indonesia's maternal mortality rate (MMR) was 305 per 100,000 KH. Pregnancy who experienced anemia in the world are still very high. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is 41.8%. In Indonesia, the increasing in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. One of the causes of anemia in pregnant women is the knowledge and parity. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and parity of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Methods: The research design is cross-sectional with the independent variables which are knowledge and parity. The dependent variable is the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The population used by all pregnant women is 48. The sampling technique uses total sampling and collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. Results: The results of research informed that most pregnant women had anemia, around 56.2%. The results of the statistical analyses revealed a p value of 0.007, indicating a relation between parity and the prevalence of anemia. Besides that, there was a relation between knowledge and the prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: There is an influence between knowledge and parity on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Countermeasures that can be done by providing information communication and education on pre-wedding preparation.

Contributing Factors of Anemia in Pregnancy in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa District in Ghana

The study determined the factors influencing anemia among pregnant women in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa District of Ghana. This study employed a hospital-based cross-sectional study design to assess the risk factors for anemia among pregnant women. About 430 pregnant women attending antenatal care services in all health facilities in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa district were used as respondents for the study. Data were collected quantitatively using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered using a face-to-face interview process. The data were analyzed using STATA version 15 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas 77845, USA). Pearson’s chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to find the variables significantly associated with anemia in pregnancy at a p-value of 0.05. The findings showed the respondents were within the age range of 15 to 45 years, with a mean age of 26.36 years. Only 49.07% of them had visited ANC at least 4 times. Additionally, 50.93% of them started ANC attendance in the first trimester of their pregnancy. The majority of them (89.77%) attended ANC regularly. Most of them indicated that they took routine ANC drugs, and among them, 91.75% took iron supplements, 87.63% took folic acid, and 49.74% took Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and 66.75% took multivitamins. Despite the regular ANC attendance, high intake of iron and folic acid supplements, and high utilization of ITN, the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy at 36 weeks of gestation in the Twifo Atti-Morkwa district was high. Anemia at 36 weeks of gestation was significantly associated with factors such as the number of ANC visits, gravidity, gestational age at the start of ANC, malaria infection, and intake of food supplements. To address the burden of anemia in pregnancy in the district, it is vital to note that supplements alone are not adequate. There, therefore, is a need for intensive education on other strategies such as deworming, nutrition, and adherence to Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to improve general health in women before and during pregnancy.